The Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries (镇压反革命) was the first political campaign launched by the People's Republic of China designed to eradicate opposition elements, especially former Kuomintang (KMT) functionaries accused of trying undermine the new Communist government. It began on March 1950 when the Chinese Communist central committee issued the Directive on elimination of bandits and establishment of revolutionary new order.

The campaign was implemented as a response to the rebellions that were commonplace in the early years of the People's Republic of China. Those targeted during the campaign in were thereafter labeled as "counterrevolutionaries", and were publicly denounced in mass trials. Significant numbers of "counterrevolutionaries" were arrested and executed and even more sentenced to "labor reform" (劳动改造).

In many of the posters accompanying these campaigns, the fedora-wearing GMD-spy (特务) played an important role, as did the overweight, cigar-smoking capitalist. In reality, the larger entrepreneurs were treated rather leniently under the United Front strategy. Although they were subjected to self-criticism sessions, they were gradually absorbed into the official apparatus and even became dependent on it. Curiously, in a few of the instances where GMD-collaborators are depicted, the Chinese poster designers seem to have been inspired directly by German anti-Jewish propaganda materials as they had been produced during World War II in Europe.